So This Is Christmas

Merry Christmas is such an infectious feeling I like to feel that way all year around.

So if you are visiting just before Christmas, just after Christmas or even here on Christmas day I am sure you will find something of interest for you and in the spirit of Christmas.

It may be said that Christmas is no longer a celebration but this must be spoken by people that have never had trouble closing their eyes on Christmas Eve in an expectation of what maybe left for them on the carpet under the tree.

I continue to look forward to the surprise on my Grandchild's faces to this day at Christmas events.

Merry Christmas - Merry Christmas - Merry Christmas

Saturday, June 14, 2014

Establishment Of Underground Mining Parts

By Ina Hunt


This involves the extraction of coal, minerals and other geological materials found in the sedimentary rocks. There are excavated in different underground mining parts with different places holding different types of minerals. They contain copper, nickel, silver, gold, tin, lead and iron. Shafts are used excavating the various ores using various methods.

Excavating ores require shafts which are used for the mining activities. The method used in mining depends on type, size, shape and orientation. The most appropriate method used in mining steep dip ore is the cut and fill. Cut and fill is one of the best method limited in narrow zones so as long holes are dug to reach the ore. Wider zones are limited to full excavation that is done intensively.

Both shallow and deep mines are good for mining. This guarantees you of getting minerals of high value. Gold is mined in depths that are in the lower levels of the underground rocks. Depth that exceeds 3900 meters is the most favorable for uranium extraction which is always found in hard rocks. Deep excavating methods are favorable for minerals that are of high value. These minerals are located in the walls of the cave and in large amounts. This ores are in open stopes that favor extensive extraction.

Ground surface have minerals that are only recovered using boreholes that are dug in case of coal extraction. You are forced to mine once the mineral you are interested with is in deep areas in the soil layer. Open pits are dug using shafts but this method is relatively expensive and the initial cost of the mining cycle is relatively high. The shaft is important in accessing the orebody.

Drifts are important when it comes to lifting the minerals upwards through passages. Mines in the lowest level are dug using shafts that run downwards.Ventilation, pumping and haulage are methods used in excavating pillars of ores. The ores lie between stopes, mining starts by breaking the ores into panels, slices and blocks.

Exploration of bulk deposits help in sampling rock testing and drilling. Blind tunnel cuts across the deposit at the desirable depths . A large mine has inclined or declined portal that allow multipurpose entry of shafts. Strong ores allow use of relatively low cost methods while weak ores are costly since they require equipment such as rock bolting.

There are various phases used in underground extraction. There is exploration and feasibility phase, mine operations phase, construction and planning phase together with the closure phase. The activities involved include drilling, crushing, grinding, ore separation and concentrate dewatering. Rock piles are separated in stages while water is separated in stages to. The operation also include extraction and processing of the ore.

At the head is the shaft which acts as the elevator. There is the sump sits which have several channels that run horizontal so as to reach at the ore-body. The mineral containing materials are in different levels . Here we get ramps are used to access these minerals.This parts are inclusive of crusher and drifter that help in digging the rocks located in deep areas.




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